Avidya, or ignorance, appears as one of the most profound and central tenets of Hindu philosophy. This becomes a key element, as you get into the principles of Hinduism.

 The Nature of Avidya

 In Sanskrit, the word Avidya means literally, not knowing or ignorance. But it is not the ordinary absence of knowledge; it has a positive force veiling the perception from reality. Avidya is understood in this way as the primary misperception leading all of us to confuse the temporary with the eternal, dirt with the pure, and sorrow for happiness.

 As per Patanjali in the Yoga Sutras (2:5), Avidya is thus:

"Avidya is regarding as permanent what is impermanent, pure what is impure, pleasure what is painful, and as the Self what is not a Self."

 This misidentification establishes the ground for all other kleshas forming a bondage for the individual and a cycle of births.

 The Veil Over Perception

Hindu philosophy with respect to Advaita Vedanta teaches that all reality is non dual consciousness (Brahman), and that true nature (Atman) is identical with that consciousness. Avidya acts as a veil to this realization creating separate perceived entities in a world of multiplicity.

The Mandukya Upanishad along with commentary by Gaudapada (Karika 1:16) states:  

"When the individual self fell asleep due to beginningless Maya, then on awakening it finds non duality which is neither born nor asleep." 

This metaphor illustrates quite powerfully how Avidya really works for we are living in a dream-like state of misperception until spiritual reality removes the veil.

Real Knowledge  

In Hindu tradition, overcoming Avidya has several approaches: 

1. Jnana Yoga (Path of Knowledge): From studying, reflecting, and meditating on the Vedantic texts, one gradually peels away many layers cover up towards false self-identifications. 

2. Karma Yoga (Path of Action): Selfless action which bears no fruits gives way of dissolution into the ego-identification created by avidya. 

3. Bhakti Yoga (Path of Devotion): Love devotion to the divine transcends the limitations of limited self-perception. 

4. Raja Yoga (Path of Meditation): Methodical meditation practices reveal the true treasure consciousness. 

Bhagavad Gita (5:15-16) states as follows:

"The Lord, indeed, is seated in all beings, whirling them about by His illusory power (Maya) as if mounted on a machine. In Him take refuge with all your being; by His grace, you will reach the Supreme Peace and the eternal place."

 The Role of Guru and Scripture

This condition in Hindu tradition is generally cleared by a dualistic approach; that is scripture (shastra) and realized teacher (guru). The Mundaka Upanishad (1:2:12):

"Let a man devoted to spiritual truth approach a teacher who is learned in the scriptures and established in Brahman." 

The guru helps figure out the conditioned thought levels which keep Avidya and, thus, directs the seeker into a direct experience of reality. 

Applied Practically  

Going for Hindu principles finding the reflection within Avidya itself would mean: 

Cultivating awareness on how we mistake temporary pleasures for lasting happiness, 

Realizing what times we are identifying as true self to our bodies, emotions, or thoughts, 

Meditating with the experience of consciousness beyond the contents of the mind, 

Studying holy texts with the proper guidance to intellectually understand reality.

The Katha Upanishad (2:1:10) offers:

"What is here is also there; what is there is also here. He who sees multiplicity goes from death to death." 

Final Thoughts 

Avidya is not regarded merely as a concept in philosophy but rather as a reality towards which the practice of Hinduism seeks transformation. Recognizing how this veil of ignorance shapes perception sets the stage for true understanding and liberation (moksha). 

 As you read on, there unfolds very much a progressive revelation of reality from behind Avidya, uniquely transforming how you experience yourself with the world-from fragmentation to wholeness, from confusion to clarity, and from limitation to freedom.